GreenStar Homes Certification logo
Pillar
Tier
Project
Energy & Climate Resilience

GHI Zero Energy Certified

Home produces as much renewable energy on-site as it consumes annually.

Visit program page →

GHI Zero Energy Certified logo

Description

The GHI Zero Energy Certified badge recognizes homes that have been designed, built, tested, and modeled to produce on-site at least as much renewable energy as they consume over an average year. It is administered through GreenHome Institute's separate Zero Energy Certified program and added to the base GreenStar Homes certification.

The certification is design-and-model based rather than utility-bill based — a home does not need 12 months of zero net utility bills to earn the badge, but it does need third-party verification of the envelope, ducts, and combustion safety, plus an energy model showing net-zero performance. Because operational fossil-fuel use cannot be offset by on-site renewables, the program requires all-electric construction (with narrow exceptions noted below).

The badge can also be used as an alternative pathway to satisfy GreenStar's Platinum-tier energy-performance requirement.

Required standard requirements

To earn this badge, the project must meet all of the following existing GreenStar requirements:

Additional badge criteria

Beyond the required standard requirements above, the project must also satisfy:

Performance & verification

  1. 01.

    Energy model demonstrating that the home produces, on an average-year basis, as much or more energy on-site than it is modeled to consume. Approved tools: DOE Home Energy Score, HERS Index, ASHRAE 90.1 modeling, WUFI Passive, or Passive House Planning Package (PHPP).

  2. 02.

    Third-party testing of the building envelope (blower-door air leakage), duct leakage to outdoors, total duct leakage, and worst-case combustion spillage (where any combustion appliance remains under the multifamily exceptions).

  3. 03.

    Final energy rating completed and signed by the appropriate certification body — not a draft.

  4. 04.

    Base certification: project must also hold a certification through GreenStar Homes, LEED, National Green Building Standard, Enterprise Green Communities, Passive House, or equivalent.

All-electric requirement & exceptions

  1. 01.

    Default: home must be all-electric. The four electrification requirements at Gold tier (heating, water heating, cooking, dryer) are prerequisites regardless of base certification tier.

  2. 02.

    Renovation exception: in climate zones 4 and above, a dual-fuel heat pump system is permitted in lieu of fully electric heating.

  3. 03.

    Multifamily / attached-housing exceptions: combustion fireplaces for aesthetics only, gas dryers in non-resident (shared) laundry, corridor heaters, and gas water heating in climate zones 6+ are permitted.

  4. 04.

    Vehicle charging energy and special farm or manufacturing energy uses may be excluded from the model with documented justification.

Documentation & fees

  1. 01.

    Stamped PV system design (or other on-site renewable system) showing array size, tilt/azimuth, and annual production estimate.

  2. 02.

    Net-meter / interconnection agreement signed by the serving utility.

  3. 03.

    Badge certification fee: free for GHI members and member project teams; $100 for non-member single-family homes ($10 per additional unit in multifamily).

Verification by tier

Evidence the project team submits at each certification tier. Cumulative — higher tiers include everything below unless noted otherwise.

  1. Certified

    Self-attestation
    • 01.

      Owner-signed renewable-system summary (array size, location, expected annual kWh production).

    • 02.

      Pre-installation energy-model output (DOE HES, HERS, ASHRAE 90.1, WUFI Passive, or PHPP) showing net-zero balance.

  2. Silver

    Documents + photos
    • 01.

      Stamped PV system design drawings (tilt, azimuth, PVWatts annual estimate).

    • 02.

      Net-meter / utility interconnection agreement signed.

    • 03.

      Envelope blower-door + duct leakage test reports from a RESNET- or BPI-certified tester.

  3. Gold

    Third-party test
    • 01.

      Third-party rater (HERS, PHIUS, or equivalent) signs the energy model and the worst-case combustion-spillage test (where any combustion remains under exceptions).

    • 02.

      Production-meter installed at the PV inverter; commissioning photo with serial number.

  4. Platinum

    Post-occupancy verification
    • 01.

      12-month energy report showing net consumption ≤ 0 kWh, signed by the homeowner and the rater.

    • 02.

      Provisional certification permitted on modeled basis with a 12-month true-up review.

DOE Home Energy Score (existing) or modeled annual energy use (new construction). Alternative tools include HERS, PHPP, WUFI Passive, BeOpt, and 90.1.

Spec by tier

TierSpec
CertifiedNot required at this tier
SilverDOE Home Energy Score of 6
GoldDOE Home Energy Score of 8
PlatinumDOE Home Energy Score of 10 (existing) — or 17.5 MBtu/year (new construction)

Scope

Whole-house energy performance, rated using DOE Home Energy Score or an equivalent recognized rating tool.

Requirements

Performance targets

  1. 01.

    Engage a qualified DOE Home Energy Score assessor (or equivalent: HERS rater, PHIUS verifier) to score the home.

  2. 02.

    Score must meet or exceed the tier threshold in the "Spec by tier" table above. For new construction, the equivalent thresholds in modeled annual energy use (MBtu/year) apply.

  3. 03.

    Acceptable alternative scoring tools: HERS Index, PHIUS+, Passive House Planning Package (PHPP), BeOpt, ASHRAE 90.1 modeled output.

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    DOE Home Energy Score report from a certified assessor — includes the score (1-10), label-style summary, and improvement recommendations.

  2. 02.

    OR equivalent: HERS Index report, PHIUS verification, PHPP output, or BeOpt modeling output.

Guidance

How the Home Energy Score scale works

DOE Home Energy Score is a 1-10 scale based on modeled annual energy use per square foot, normalized for local climate. A score of 5 represents the U.S. average existing home; a score of 10 represents the best 10% of homes nationally. The score is asset-based (not consumption-based), so it reflects the building itself rather than how the occupants use it.

Why one tier might map to several scores

A Gold-tier home (score 8) modeled at the local 99% design temperature lands in roughly the same actual annual consumption as a 17.5 MBtu/year new build — the standard accepts either pathway. Use whichever tool your rater is certified for; results are interchangeable for compliance.

Resources

Space heating is all-electric or dual-fuel/hybrid. (At Platinum, all-electric only.)

Scope

The primary space-heating system — central heat pump, ducted air handler, mini-split, or hydronic system.

Requirements

  1. 01.

    At Gold: space heating must be either (a) all-electric (heat pump preferred, resistance backup OK) or (b) a dual-fuel hybrid system (heat pump primary, gas backup for extreme cold).

  2. 02.

    At Platinum: all-electric only. Dual-fuel is not accepted.

  3. 03.

    Heat-pump capacity must be sized to meet 100% of the heating load at the local 99% winter design temperature (per Manual J), or a supplementary heat source must cover the gap.

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    Equipment spec sheet for installed heat pump showing HSPF2 (≥ 8.1 for ENERGY STAR cold-climate, ≥ 8.5 for cold-climate ENERGY STAR Most Efficient).

  2. 02.

    Manual J load calculation showing the heating load at design temperature and the equipment capacity at that temperature.

  3. 03.

    For dual-fuel systems: thermostat configuration documentation showing the changeover temperature (typically 20-35°F).

Guidance

Cold-climate heat pump selection

Modern variable-speed heat pumps maintain 100% of nameplate capacity down to 5°F and 75%+ down to -15°F — well past where dual-fuel systems used to be necessary. NEEP's Cold-Climate Heat Pump list filters for systems that maintain capacity at low temperatures. ENERGY STAR Cold Climate label is the easiest filter.

Resources

Note

IRA federal tax credit covers 30% of installed cost up to $2,000 for qualifying HPs. Many states stack additional rebates of $1,000-$8,000 through utility programs.

Water heating is all-electric (heat pump preferred) or solar.

Scope

The primary domestic hot-water heater serving the dwelling. Recirculation loops and point-of-use boosters are downstream of this and not constrained by this requirement.

Requirements

  1. 01.

    The primary water heater must be either: (a) a heat-pump water heater (HPWH), (b) an electric-resistance water heater, or (c) a solar-thermal system with an electric backup.

  2. 02.

    HPWH is strongly preferred — it delivers the same hot water with ~70% less electricity than resistance.

  3. 03.

    For Platinum, electric-resistance alone is not sufficient (HPWH or solar required).

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    Manufacturer spec sheet showing UEF (Uniform Energy Factor) ≥ 2.0 for HPWH or ≥ 0.92 for resistance.

  2. 02.

    Photo of the installed unit with model number visible.

  3. 03.

    For HPWH: documentation that the installation location meets the minimum ambient air-volume requirement (typically 1000 cu ft, or ducted intake/exhaust).

Guidance

Heat-pump water heaters in practice

HPWHs need ambient heat to extract — they actually cool the room they're in by ~5°F and dehumidify it. Ideal locations: garage in warm climates, basement, dedicated utility room. Avoid bedrooms (compressor noise is real) and very small closets without ducting. Hybrid units allow electric-resistance fallback for high-demand periods.

Resources

Note

Federal Inflation Reduction Act offers a 30% tax credit (up to $2,000) for HPWHs through 2032, plus utility rebates of $500-$1,500 in many areas. Stack these for under $1,000 net installed cost on many models.

Cooking appliances are all-electric.

Scope

All primary cooking appliances in the dwelling — cooktop, range, oven, wall oven, microwave-convection. Outdoor grills and supplementary appliances (toaster oven, slow cooker) are excluded.

Requirements

  1. 01.

    All installed cooking appliances must be electric — either induction or electric resistance.

  2. 02.

    Induction is strongly preferred for performance and indoor air quality.

  3. 03.

    If existing gas hookups remain, they must be capped per local code.

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    Equipment spec sheets for cooktop, oven, and any other installed cooking appliance.

  2. 02.

    Photo of installed appliances.

  3. 03.

    Plumber sign-off on gas-line capping (if applicable).

Guidance

Induction vs electric resistance

Induction heats the pan directly via electromagnetic field — boils water roughly 50% faster than gas, with finer temperature control than either gas or resistance. Downsides: only works with magnetic cookware (cast iron, magnetic stainless), and quality units are more expensive. Electric resistance ("smoothtop") is cheaper, works with any cookware, but slower and less responsive.

Note

Switching from gas to induction often requires upgrading from a 120V outlet to a 240V circuit — confirm electrical panel capacity early in design. Portable induction burners (110V, 1800W) are a useful try-before-you-buy option.

Resources

Clothes dryer is all-electric (heat-pump dryer preferred).

Scope

The primary clothes dryer in the dwelling.

Requirements

  1. 01.

    The clothes dryer must be electric. Heat-pump dryers are strongly preferred over electric-resistance vented dryers.

  2. 02.

    If a gas dryer is being replaced, the gas line must be capped per local code.

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    Equipment spec sheet for installed dryer showing combined energy factor (CEF) — typical HP dryers are 5-7+, resistance vented dryers are 3-4.

  2. 02.

    Photo of installed unit.

Guidance

Heat-pump dryers in practice

HP dryers use ~50% less electricity than vented resistance dryers, are ventless (so no exterior wall penetration needed), and operate at lower temperatures (gentler on fabrics). Tradeoffs: cycle time is ~25% longer, and the condensate needs to drain (either to a drain line or a removable tank).

Note

Ventless HP dryers can be installed in apartments and tight spaces with no exterior wall — opens up laundry placement options. Most newer models (Whirlpool, LG, Miele, GE) qualify for the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient list.

200-amp breaker box with capacity to add future solar PV and electric-vehicle chargers.

Scope

The main electrical service panel and the conduit/wiring runs from panel to roof and panel to the EV-charging location.

Requirements

  1. 01.

    Main service must be at least 200 amps.

  2. 02.

    Panel must have a dedicated 60A+ breaker space reserved for future solar PV interconnection (NEC 705 backfeed).

  3. 03.

    Panel must have a dedicated 40A+ breaker space (with conduit run + outlet box) for a Level 2 EV charger.

  4. 04.

    Conduit must be run from the main panel to the roof (for future solar inverter) and from the panel to the primary parking space (for the EV charger).

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    Panel schedule listing all breakers, with the reserved solar + EV breakers labeled.

  2. 02.

    Photo of the installed panel.

  3. 03.

    Marked-up electrical plan showing the conduit runs and termination points.

  4. 04.

    Electrical permit + final inspection sign-off.

Guidance

Why this is cheap to do now and expensive later

Adding the EV-ready conduit + 240V outlet during initial wiring costs ~$300-$800. Retrofitting after drywall and finishes are in often costs $2,000-$5,000 and may require surface-mounted conduit. The panel + solar conduit story is similar.

Resources

  • NEC 705 — Interconnected Power Production Sources

    Code section governing solar backfeed. The most common compliance path is the 120% rule: PV breaker + main breaker ≤ 120% of panel busbar rating.

  • EV Charger Installation Cost Guide →

    DOE guide to Level 2 charging selection and installation.

Note

SB-100 (California), HB 6-1-23 (Colorado), and similar state laws now require new construction to be EV-ready. Even where not required by code, the resale premium for EV-ready homes is documented at $1,500-$3,500.

A majority of fixtures use LED lamps.

Scope

All interior and exterior lighting fixtures in the dwelling. Decorative-only fixtures (e.g. chandeliers used <1 hr/day) count toward the total.

Requirements

  1. 01.

    At least 50% of installed lamp sockets must be fitted with LED lamps or LED-integrated fixtures (Certified threshold).

  2. 02.

    For Gold+, the practical target is >90% LED — incandescent + halogen should be limited to specialty applications (oven, refrigerator, niche decorative).

Documentation

Evidence the inspector / Institute will need.

  1. 01.

    Lighting inventory listing each fixture type, lamp type (LED / CFL / halogen / incandescent), and count. Spreadsheet or marked-up floor plan both acceptable.

  2. 02.

    OR purchase receipts / fixture spec sheets showing LED-integrated rating for new construction.

Guidance

Quality over count

A "majority LED" count check can pass with low-CRI cheap bulbs that look terrible. For long-term satisfaction, specify ≥90 CRI bulbs and a consistent color temperature (2700K-3000K for residential spaces). ENERGY STAR-rated LEDs include color rendering and lifetime requirements.

Note

Dimmer compatibility is a common failure point — many older incandescent dimmers cause LED flicker. Replace dimmers when swapping to LED, or specify "dimmable LED" + a matched LED-compatible dimmer (Lutron Diva, Leviton SureSlide, etc.).

Resources